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The other therapies which were compared included ET, EMDR, psychodynamic and narrative therapy. The new age classification under DSM-5 reflects the different thresholds by age (lower for children) and therapeutic requirements.Ī review of PTSD therapies, based on 14 studies with a total of 758 participants published by the Cochrane Collaboration, ranked CBT as the most effective PTSD therapy. In recent years, technology such as computer-aided exposure therapy has significantly improved the experience and effectiveness of exposure therapy (Gerardi, Cukor, Difede, Rizzo, & Rothbaum, 2010). Pharmacological interventions typically include anti-depressants such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment and TherapyĬommon treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder include: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), psychotherapy, Exposure Therapy (ET), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). All other criteria of PTSD must also be met. These dissociative symptoms include depersonalization, in which the person feels like an outside observer or detached from oneself and derealisation, in which the world seems unreal, distant or distorted. PTSD Dissociative Subtype is used when the person has prominent dissociative symptoms. The diagnostic thresholds are lowered for children and adolescents.Ģ. PTSD Preschool subtype is used in the diagnosis of children younger than 6 years of age. In addition, the disturbance cannot be attributed to a substance or medical condition.ĭSM-5 has established two subtypes of PTSD:ġ.
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The duration of these symptoms (which cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning) must occur for one month or longer.
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Hyper-arousal may include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, hyperventilating, mood swings, fatigue, or insomnia when a memory of the event is triggered by some type of internal (cognition) or external (environmental) stimulus. PTSD symptoms may include nightmares, flashbacks, sleep disturbance, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, avoidance, and hyper-arousal in response to trauma-related stimuli. The symptoms cannot be due to a medical condition, medication, or drugs or alcohol. A formal diagnosis of PTSD is made when the symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and/or occupational dysfunction for a period of at least one month. Traumas experienced may involve war, natural disasters, car accidents, sexual abuse and/or domestic violence. The exposure must involve directly experiencing the event, witnessing the event in person, learning of an actual or threatened death of a close family member or friend, or repeated first-hand, extreme exposure to the details of the event. Under DSM-5, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops in relation to an event which creates psychological trauma in response to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation. DSM-5 Category: Trauma and Stressor-Related DisordersĭSM-5 has made a number of important changes to the criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder, the most significant being a more specific definition of the type and nature of the exposure to a threat.